Amincewa da Ƙarshen Duniya na Farko ya farfasawa fiye da farkonsa
Ranar Duniya ta haife shi ne a shekarar 1970, a cikin duniya wanda ya rikice ta hanyar rikici da rikice-rikice. Lokaci ya kasance mai-canzawa ", kuma rashin tabbaswar mutane da abubuwan da suka faru sun kai ga bikin farko ta Duniya a Afrilu 22, 1970.
Amma iri na ranar duniya an dasa shi ne shekaru da yawa a baya lokacin da masu yawa na masana kimiyya da masu lura da kiyayewa sun fahimci cewa ci gaba da karuwar ci gaban da aka samu na masana'antu na Amurka - da iska mai ba da ruwa da kuma gurbataccen ruwa - yana lalata yawancin duniya.
Muhallin Muhalli da Ranar Duniya
A shekara ta 1962, Rachel Carson, mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa daga wata gonar Pennsylvania wanda ya zama mashahuriyar halitta da wallafe-wallafen yanayi, wanda aka wallafa Silent Spring , wani mahalarta a kan yaduwar DDT da sauran magunguna. Ta hanyar zargi da yin amfani da su don rage yawan tsuntsaye da dabbobin dabba, ana ba da kyauta ne don baiwa tsarin muhalli ƙarancin tushen kimiyya.
Sauran abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun 1960 sun ba da labarin jama'a game da halakar muhalli. Ruwan iska a Los Angeles, New York City da kuma sauran birane sun kai irin wannan mummunar matakan da lafiyar dan Adam ya kasance da sauri.
Yawan yawan jama'a, asalin manufar Paul Erlich na seminal 1968 kyautar mai suna The Bomb Bomb , aka zargi shi saboda gonaki da kuma gandun dajin don samar da yankunan karkara. Kuma a cikin abin da ya fi zama sanannen mutum - ya faru da bala'in shekaru goma, Kogin Cuyahoga na Ohio, wanda ya gudana ta hanyar Cleveland da sauran garuruwan masana'antu, ya kama wuta a 1969 daga duk wasassun hadarin da aka dushe a cikinta.
Gaylord Nelson da Ranar Duniya ta farko
A wannan zamanin ne Sanata Gaylord Nelson , mai kula da dimokuradiyya daga Wisconsin, da farko ya ba da shawarar samar da kariya ga muhalli na farko. Kodayake a 1963 ya gamsu da Shugaba Kennedy don tafiya a cikin '' kulawar kiyaye 'yanci,' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'kadan ya zo ne a siyasa.
A wannan shekarar, Nelson ta gabatar da dokokin da ta hana DDT: ba daya daga cikin wakilai ya shiga shi ba.
Nelson, wanda ba shi da tabbacin, ya lura cewa wasu ƙananan kungiyoyi sun sami nasara wajen inganta yanayin muhalli a gida. Bayanin wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma yawan yawan zanga-zangar zanga-zangar da "masu koyarwa" suka fito a fadin kasar, Nelson ya yanke shawarar a shekarar 1969 cewa wata rana da ke kula da ilimin muhalli na iya zama hanyar da ta dace ta sanya gurbatawa , lalata da sauran al'amurran kore a saman tsarin siyasar kasar.
Da yake jawabi a wani taro a Seattle a watan Satumba na shekarar 1969, Nelson ya bayar da shawarar cewa, a cikin bazarar 1970, za a yi zanga-zanga a kan iyakoki a madadin matsalolin muhalli - kuma a cikin kalmomin Nelson, "Amsar ta kasance lantarki. kashe kamar gangbusters. "
Mutane a duk faɗin ƙasar sun yi ta neman hanyar da za ta nuna yadda suke da ƙwarewar muhalli. Nelson kuma ya fitar da wani shafi a cikin New York Times a cikin Janairu na 1970, yana sanar da cewa Ranar Duniya zai faru a ranar Laraba, Afrilu 22. An zabi ranar saboda lokacin da dalibi na dalibai, yanayi mai zafi kuma ba gasa ba holidays.
Ayyukan yanki na duniya
Kodayake Nelson ya taimaka wajen kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta - Environmental Teach-In, Inc., wanda Denis Hayes ya jagoranci, wanda ya jagoranci 'yan jarida - don magance ambaliyar buƙatun neman bayanai, Sanata ya nace cewa a ranar da za a shirya ranar Duniya a matakin gida . Wannan ya zama abin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, yayin da mutane suka fi zuba jari a cikin matsalolin da suka shafi al'ummarsu da iyalai.
Afrilu 22, 1970, ya yi haske da kyau, tare da sararin samaniya a duk fadin kasar. Da yawancin kiyasta, kimanin mutane miliyan 20 sun shiga tituna, wanda ya fi tsammanin tsammanin tsammanin hakan. 'Yan Republican,' yan Democrat, 'yan makaranta, dalibai koleji, ma'aikatan aikin jinya,' yan gida, likitoci, shugabannin addinai, 'yan kasuwa, masu ritaya, manoma da kowa da kowa a tsakanin sun shiga cikin dubban matakan gida, rallies, parades, zanga-zangar da sauran "abubuwan da suka faru".
Tarihin Ranar Duniya ya Tsaya
Ranar farko ta Duniya an yi la'akari da nasara. Wannan taron ya kasance kusan kusan dukkanin labarai, kuma ɗaukar hoto yana da kyau sosai. Wannan taron ya fadi a zukatan mutane muhimmancin batun muhalli kamar yadda al'umma ke damuwa da kuma matsin siyasa na duniya. Ga yawancin masu halartar taron, Ranar Duniya alama ce mai juyowa a rayuwarsu, lokacin da rashin amfani da rashin amfani da rashin amfani da masana'antu da masana'antu ba zato ba tsammani ya zo a cikin bincike mai zurfi.
Ranar Duniya ta taso, a kan tsarin sirri da siyasa, har tsawon shekaru 40. A cikin watanni bayan wannan taron na farko, Dokar Yanki na Yankewa, Dokar Tsabtace Tsaro, Dokar Maganin ruwan Gishiri da sauran wasu mahimman dokoki na dokokin sun wuce. A wani mataki mai ban mamaki, Ranar Duniya ta inganta kariya ga ƙasa, iska, da ruwa. Kuma lokacin, a shekarar 1990, Ranar Duniya ya wuce duniya a matsayin taron duniya, duniya ta rungume shi da irin sha'awar da Amirkawa suka yi a shekarun 1970.
Domin bautarsa da yunkuri ga yunkuri mai duhu da sauran zamantakewa da muhalli, Sen. Nelson - wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 2005 - an ba shi lambar yabo na shugabancin Freedom.