Mawaki mai suna Chico Mendes ya ba da ransa ga mahaifarsa
Masanin muhalli Chico Mendes (1944-1988) ya ciyar da dukan rayuwarsa da kuma yakin da, da kuma ruwan daji na Brazil da mazaunanta. Amma sadaukar da kansa don kiyaye hanyar rayuwa ta rayuwa maida hankali ne Yana kashe rayuwarsa.
Chico Mendes: Rayuwa na Farko
Chico Mendes an haife shi Francisco Alves Mendes Filho a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1944, a cikin ƙauyen Brazil mai suna Seringal Santa Fé, a waje da Xapuri.
Ya kasance iyalin masu launi, mutanen da suke yin rayuwa ta hanyar yin amfani da sabbin bishiyoyi. Kamar yawancin yankunan karkara, iyalinsa sun kara yawan kudin da suke samu ta hanyar girbi kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa daga damuwa.
Mendes ya fara aiki lokacin da yake dan shekara tara, kuma bai taba samun takardar karatu ba har sai da marigayi; ta wasu asusun, Mendes ba su taɓa karatun karatu ba sai har kusan shekaru 20. Wasu daga cikin hotunansa sune Euclides Fernandes Tavora, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "'yan kwaminisanci na tsakiyar tsakiya wanda, a cikin shekarun 60s, ya kasance a kan gudu daga sojojin soji na Brazil." Tavora ta gabatar da Mendes ga littattafai, jaridu da kuma ma'aikatun aiki.
Mendes da Ƙungiyoyin Tattaunawa
Mendes ya fara tsara masu aikin caba a yankin, kuma ba da daɗewa ba an zabe shi shugaban kungiyar Xapuri Rubber Tappers. Mendes ya kasance mahimmanci wajen shirya Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Rubutun Brazil a cikin tsakiyar shekarun 1980; an zabe shi ba da daɗewa ba shugaban kungiyar.
Akwai matsalolin tattalin arziki da yawa (kuma har yanzu), don kawar da katako don shayar daji. Duk da shaida cewa girbi katako na gandun daji, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwayoyi da sauran kayayyaki shine aikin ci gaba wanda ke haifar da karin kudin shiga a tsawon lokaci, ta yadda za a raba ruwan sama a wani karuwa a cikin shekarun 1980.
Lokacin da ma'aikata 130 suka kori wasu mutane kimanin 100,000 daga tsaunukan daji, Mendes da ma'aikatansa sunyi yaki, tare da hada dukkanin iyalansu don su tsaya a gaban jerin shinge da kuma toshe bulldozers. Ƙoƙinsu ya haɗu da wasu nasara kuma ya jawo hankali ga al'ummomin muhalli na duniya. An sanya Mendes a kan Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Kiyaye na Duniya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a shekarar 1987; ya kuma lashe kyautar lambar kare lafiyar kasa na kasa ta kasa ta shekarar 1988.
Mendes vs. Ranchers da Loggers
A lokacin da rancher Darly Alves da Silva ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsabtace yanki na daji da aka shirya a matsayin yanayin halitta a shekara ta 1988, Mendes ya yi nasara wajen dakatar da shirin da aka tsara kuma ya samar da kariya. Mendes kuma ya sami takardar shaidar da aka kama Silva saboda kisan da ya aikata a wata jiha.
A kokarinsa, Chico Mendes da iyalinsa sun samu barazanar mutuwar - a shekara ta 1988, Mendes kansa yayi annabta cewa ba zai rayu ba bayan Kirsimeti. Kuma a daren ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, 1988, Chico Mendes ya harbe shi da wani bindigar bama-bamai a waje da gidan iyalinsa. Mendes shi ne dan jarida 19 da za a kashe a Brazil a wannan shekarar.
Mendes 'kisan kai ya haifar da rashin tausayi na kasa da kasa da kuma zanga-zangar zanga-zangar a Brazil, wanda ya haifar da kamawa da ƙwaƙwalwar Darly Alves da Silva, dansa Darly Alves da Silva Jr., da kuma jakadan ransa, Jerdeir Pereia.
Ƙasar Chico Mendes
Sakamakon sakamakon kisan gillar Mendes, gwamnatin Brazil ta dakatar da yin amfani da takunkumi da kuma samar da tsaftattun tsararraki da kuma tsararrakin yanayi, ciki harda wanda aka lasafta shi bayan mai gabatar da kara, Parque Chico Mendes. Bankin Duniya, wanda ya ba da tallafi ga bunkasuwar daji a yanzu, yanzu yana ba da kuɗin kuɗin tsararrakin yanayi wanda ke aiki a matsayin gine-gine na katako.
Amma duk ba shi da kyau a yankin daji na Brazil, da yawancin asusun. Har ila yau, ana ci gaba da raguwa, kuma bisa ga wasu rahotanni, fadace-fadace a cikin rainforests na Brazil ya kashe kimanin mutane 1,000 daga cikin 'yan gwagwarmayar rayuwa tun 1988. Yawancin ayyuka har yanzu za a yi don girmama gadon Chico Mendes.