Eutrophication iya haifar da m algal blooms - amma ta yaya?
Eutrophication wani mummunar matsalar muhalli ne a dukan duniya, kuma ko da yake mun san dalilin, ba a yi yawa akan magance shi ba. Samun bayanan game da eutrophication da algal blooms yana sa.
Menene Eutrophication?
A mafi mahimmancin sharuddan, eutrophication shine babban taro mai gina jiki a jikin ruwa. Wadannan abubuwan gina jiki - yawanci nitrogen da phosphorous - su ne abinci ga kwayoyin halittu kamar algae, plankton ko wasu microorganisms.
Eutrophication iya faruwa a waje da ruwa; Alal misali, kasa na iya zama eutrophic idan suna da matakan nitrogen, phosphorous ko wasu na gina jiki.
Eutrophication sau da yawa yakan faru a lokacin da ruwan sama wanda ya tashi daga gona mai kyau sosai, gona golf, wasa filayen da lawns shiga cikin rafi, lake, teku ko wani na ruwa. Har ila yau mawuyaci ne a lokacin da ruwa mai tsabta, ko dai ana bi da shi ko ba tare da izini ba, ya shiga cikin ruwa, kuma a lokacin da fitowar daga cikin tankuna na ruwa sun shiga rafi ko kandami. Wasu daga cikin magungunan mafi kyawun kayan abinci sune CAFO, ko ayyukan kula da dabbobin da ke kulawa.
Duk wadannan hanyoyin samar da albarkatu masu gina jiki sune tsire-tsire ga tsire-tsire , amma idan waɗannan sunadarai sun shiga cikin ruwa, suna tasowa yawan jama'a a tsakanin algae da sauran kwayoyin. Sakamakon shi ne algal Bloom, wanda yayi kama da shi sauti - raguna, laguna, da teku waɗanda suke amfani da su a fili su ne ba zato ba tsammani tare da algae.
Ana kiran wannan a matsayin labaran kandami ko duckweed lokacin da aka gani a cikin koguna ko koguna. Lokacin da eutrophication ya auku a cikin teku kuma yawancin wasu nau'in halittu na dinoflagellates sunyi rauni, ruwan zai iya juya ja, launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan hoda - wannan ana kiransa "jan ruwa."
Kodayake mafi yawan lokuta mafi munin mummunar cututtuka da aka lalacewa ta hanyar aiki na mutum, wani lokaci ya faru a yanayi.
Lokacin da ambaliya ta ambaliya ta shafe yawan abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa zuwa cikin tafkin, eutrophication zai iya haifar da shi, kodayake yawancin lokaci ya saba.
Hanyoyin Eutrophication da Algal Blooms
Bayan zama mummuna, lokacin da algal bloom ya auku, yana da mummunar tasiri akan dabbobin ruwa. Kamar yadda yawancin yawan algae da wasu kwayoyin sun haifa, mutane da yawa sun mutu kuma jikinsu suna nutsewa zuwa kasa na lake ko teku. A tsawon lokaci, wani tsari na ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma ɓarkewa ya cika kasa.
Microbes da ke cire wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna amfani da oxygen a cikin tsari. Sakamakon ita ce ragewar oxygen a cikin ruwa, yanayin da ake kira hypoxia. Tunda yawancin kifaye, tsuntsaye, mollusks da sauran dabbobin ruwa suna dogara ne akan oxygen kamar dabbobi masu nisa, sakamakon karshen eutrophication da kuma algal blooms shine samar da wani wuri inda babu dabbobin daji zasu iya zama - wani wuri mai mutuwa.
Yankunan mutuwar da aka haifar da eutrophication suna da matsala mai girma a duniya: A cewar wasu tushe, kashi 54 cikin dari na tafkuna a cikin Asiya suna eutrophic; lambobi suna kama da laguna a Turai, yayin da a Arewacin Amirka, kusan rabin raguna suna shan wahala daga eutrophication.
Wannan asarar rayuka na ruwa yana da mummunar tasiri a kan kifaye da masana'antun kamun kifi.
A cewar masu binciken a makarantar Carlton da suka yi nazari akan mummunar ragowar yankunan da suka mutu a cikin Gulf of Mexico, wannan rukuni na ruwa "babban tushe ne ga masana'antun abinci mai cin gashin ruwa. Gulf na samar da kashi 72 cikin 100 na noma na kasar Amurka, kashi 66 cikin dari na tsirrai da aka girbe, da kuma kashi 16 cikin dari na kifi na kasuwanci. Saboda haka, idan sashen hypoxic [ciwon yanki] ya ci gaba ko ya ciwo, masu masunta da yankunan jihar bakin teku za su yi tasiri sosai. "
Har ila yau, tasirin ya wuce aikin kamun kifi. Rashin kifi na zamani, wanda shine direba mai mahimmanci na masana'antar yawon shakatawa, yana fama da rashin hasara. Kuma ƙwayar algal na iya zama mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar mutum: Ba kawai mutane zasu iya zama mummunan ciwo ba daga cin abincin da kuma sauran ƙwayoyin da aka gurɓata da tsutsawar ruwan sanyi, dinoflagellate da ke haifar da jawo zai iya haifar da ido, fata da kuma numfashi na numfashi (tari, sneezing, raguwa, da tursasawa) ga masu iyo, 'yan jirgin ruwa da mazauna yankunan bakin teku.
Yadda za a Sarrafa Eutrophication
An riga an dauki matakai don sarrafa yaduwar ruwa eutrophic: Wadanda suke da ƙananan phosphate sun zama al'ada, kuma yin amfani da su yana dakatar da kwafin phosphate na gina jiki a cikin raguna da tafkuna.
Ƙara girma da kuma bambancin yankuna, yankunan teku da kogi na ruwa suna taimakawa wajen tafiyar da ruwa mai gina jiki cikin ruwaye da teku. Kuma mafi kyawun wurare masu magunguna da kuma ka'idodin tanki na septic sun rage yawan abincin jiki, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙananan algal blooms.
Akwai damuwa na ainihi, duk da haka, yawan karuwar da ake bukata a kan amfanin gonar gona zai ci gaba da haifar da ƙara amfani da phosphate- da nitrogen mai wadata mai arziki, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban yankunan da aka mutu a eutrophic. Har sai an magance wannan matsala, ana iya sa ran waɗannan yankunan mutuwa za su karu da girma.