Theodore Roosevelt da muhalli

Theodore Roosevelt yana da tarihin da ya dace da yanayin da ya fi girma. Shugaban {asar Amirka na Lambar Nobel, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel, ya kasance zakara ne na hamada, duk da haka an san shi sosai a matsayin mai farauta. Wanene Teddy Roosevelt, kuma ya cancanci a san shi a matsayin mai muhalli?

Theodore Roosevelt: Early Life

Haihuwar Oktoba 27 ga watan Oktoba, 1858, a rayuwa mai wadata da dama, Roosevelt shine ɗayan na biyu a cikin dangi na birnin New York City.

Rashin lafiya, da rashin alheri, ya zamar masa mummunan rayuwarsa; a matsayin yaron, Roosevelt ya sha wahala daga ciwon sukari da kuma sauran cututtuka. Duk da haka, an karfafa shi don yin aiki sosai, kuma ya dauki "matukar damuwa" a matsayin hanyar magance matsalolin rashin lafiya.

Wani dalibi mai zurfi, Roosevelt ya kammala digiri daga Harvard College a 1880 kuma ya yi aure ba da daɗewa ba. Amma hadarin ya faru ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1884 - matarsa ​​matashi da kuma ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunata ta mutu a cikin sa'o'i daya. Roosevelt mai lalata ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa, "hasken ya ƙare." Kodayake yana aiki a siyasar Jihar New York, ya bar aikin siyasa da iyalinsa don ya tafi Badlands na Dakota Territory kuma ya bi rayuwar dabba.

Yawan shekaru biyu a yankin Dakota ya koyar da Roosevelt don hawa, igiya da farauta, kuma ya dasa shi cikin ƙauna daga waje. Girma mai sanyi a 1886-87, duk da haka, ya shafe dabbobinsa, kuma Roosevelt ya koma New York don komawa siyasa.

Theodore Roosevelt: Rayuwar Siyasa

A shekara ta 1886, Roosevelt ya sake yin aure kuma ya fara fafatawa da Benjamin Harrison. Bayan nasararsa na zaben, Harrison ya kori Roosevelt don ya jagoranci Hukumar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amurka, inda ya sanya sunansa a matsayin babban abokin gaba na cin hanci da rashawa. Ya kawo irin wannan himma don gyarawa a matsayinsa na 1895 a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kwamishinan 'yan sandan New York City; an san cewa 'yan sanda sun kasance masu cin hanci da rashawa, amma Roosevelt ya ɗauki ma'auni don inganta ƙarfin, ko da yake tafiya da doke tare da' yan sanda a kan maharan.

Matsayin Roosevelt a matsayin mashahurin mai kulawa da siyasa - da kuma bayansa a tarihin naval - ya sami matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare na Rundunar Sojan ruwa a shekara ta 1897. Lokacin da yakin basasar kasar Spain ya barke bayan shekara daya, Roosevelt (wanda ya tsananta yana goyon bayan yakin) ya tafi Cuba kuma ya shiga wasu hare-haren sojan da aka yi wa jama'a, ciki har da karbar San Juan Hill ta wurin riko na "Rough Riders."

Yanzu jarumi na soja, Roosevelt ya lashe zaben a Gwamna New York. Kodayake sha'awarsa da kiyayewa ya shafe shi da yawa da yawa - ya yi amfani da gashin gashinsa kamar kayan ado na tufafi don hana kisan tsuntsaye - rashin ci gaba da cin hanci da rashawa da ya sa ya zama makiya kamar abokai. Don kawar da shi, an karfafa shi da barin New York kuma ya yi yakin neman mataimakin shugaban William William McKinley. Bayan lashe zaben 1900, lokacin da Roosevelt ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa ya yanke lokacin da aka kashe McKinley a shekara mai zuwa, kuma Roosevelt, mai shekaru 43, ya zama dan ƙarami wanda ya taba zama ofishin Oval.

Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt

Kasancewarsa a fadar fadar White House ba ta yi wani abu ba don ƙarfafa aikin Roosevelt don gyarawa. Ya sami lakabi a matsayin "mai kwantar da hankali" ba tare da jin tsoro ba don kawar da haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni don rage ikon da ba su da ikon yi.

Ya yi amfani da "bagade mai ladabi" don tallafawa manufofi kamar inganta lafiyar lafiyar jiki da aminci ga kayan sarrafa nama da sauran abinci da kwayoyi. Ya kuma kasance mai aiki a harkokin harkokin waje, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel a zaman lafiya a 1905 don ya ba da gudummawa ga Russo-Japan War.

Amma watakila ya fi girma da kuma gudummawa gudummawar yayin da shugaban ke nada nazari na kare rayuka a Amurka. A wannan batun, magoya bayan muhalli kamar John Muir sun rinjayi Roosevelt. "Tsarin albarkatun halitta shine matsalar matsala," in ji Roosevelt sau ɗaya. "Idan ba mu warware wannan matsala ba, zai taimaka mana kaɗan don warware duk sauran."

A wannan qarshe, Roosevelt ya fara yakin neman ciyayi na daji wanda ba kome ba ne mai ban mamaki. Ya adana kusan dala miliyan 230 - kimanin girman California guda biyu da daki ga Ohio - a matsayin wuraren shakatawa na kasa, daji na kasa, wasanni na wasanni, wuraren tunawa da kasa da sauran wurare na tarayya.

Ya kirkiro Forest Service kuma ya sanya gifford Pinchot mai kula da kyawawan abinci a matsayin shugabanta.

Shin Theodore Roosevelt wani Mahalli ne?

Bayan da ya kasance mukaminsa, Roosevelt - duk lokacin da mai cin gashin kansa - ya fara hawan safari na Afrika tare da wasu mutane. Wani bangare na kimiyyar kimiyya ta Smithsonian Institution da kuma wani ɓangare na babban waje, da safari ya kama ko harbe fiye da 11,000 dabbobi, daga kwari da kuma moles ga elephants, hippos da shida rare rhinos.

Wadannan muhalli na zamani zasu iya fargaba da mummunar mummunar mummunar mummunan mummunan rauni, amma hare-haren da Roosevelt ke da shi ya kasance daidai da nauyin zamaninsa. (Ko da yake yanzu, masu farauta da magoya suna cikin manyan masu yin amfani da su don kare su.)

Gwargwadon yadda ya dace da nasararsa a kare daji da kuma kiyaye kiyayewa a duniya, Roosevelt ya samu kyauta a matsayin mai zartar da muhallin muhalli. Ya ce: "An hukunta ni," in ji shi daga bisani game da safarsa, "kawai idan wanzuwar Musamman na Musamman, Tarihin Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi na Amirka, da kuma dukkanin hukumomin zoological irin su za a hukunta su."

Rashin lafiya ya ci gaba da annoba Roosevelt a cikin shekarunsa na karshe, saboda wani ɓangare na yunkurin kisan kai a shekarar 1912 (ya ɗauki bullet a cikin kirjinsa har tsawon rayuwarsa) da kuma kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani wanda ya tsince shi a kan tudun rafting a shekarar 1914 na Kudancin Amirka. . Roosevelt ya mutu a cikin barcinsa a shekara ta 1919 yana da shekaru 60. Daya daga cikin 'yan siyasa na lokacin ya lura, "Mutuwa ya dauki Roosevelt barci, domin idan ya farka, za a yi yaki."