Yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta wanda aka canzawa yana da wasu masu sukar tsoro
Halittar kwayoyin halitta, ko GMOs , suna rayuwa ne ko dabbobin da DNA ta canza ta hanyar aikin injiniya.
A mafi yawancin lokuta, GMO yana da lambar halittar ta canzawa ta hanyar gwaninta a cikin wani nau'i daga wata shuka ko dabba - waɗannan dabbobi ko tsire-tsire ana kiransa "kwayoyin halitta".
A matsayin misali na musamman na jinsin halitta, fara la'akari da yanar gizo gizo-gizo, wanda aka sanya daga siliki gizo-gizo.
Masu bincike na GMO sun dauki kwayar halitta don yin siliki daga gizo-gizo kuma sun sanya shi cikin DNA na goat.
A awaki sukan samar da sinadarin gina jiki don yin siliki gizo-gizo a madarar goat. Masu bincike na likitoci sun girbe kayan siliki na siliki kuma suna samar da kyan gani mai karfi, siliki mai launi gizo-gizo, wanda yake da yawan likita da masana'antu.
Amma Wa yake Bukata GMO?
A wasu hanyoyi, kwayoyin halittu sunyi aiki kawai da aikin da masu shuka da dabbobin dabba suke yi don ƙarni, watau, inganta dabi'un kamar tseren racehorse ko madarar madara, yayin da kuma kawar da dabi'un dabi'u kamar lalacewa ga cutar.
Tsarin gargajiya, duk da haka, yana da jinkirin abin da ke cike da kuskure. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewa mai sauƙi da sauƙi don bunkasa, ba mai shuka zai iya ƙirƙirar nau'ikan GMO kamar yadda aka saba da tumatir kifi.
Ya zuwa yanzu mafi girma aikace-aikace na GMO ya kasance a cikin noma, don ƙirƙirar genetically modified abinci.
Tsire-tsire suna canzawa sosai don maganin cutar, don haƙuri mai tsanani, don tsayayya da yanayin zafi ko yanayin zafi, don ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma tsayayya ga kwari kwari. Ta hanyar gabatar da jigilar kwalliya, masana kimiyya sunyi fatan rage yawan amfani da magunguna masu guba.
GMO sun ƙaddamar da amfani don amfani da kayan magani, da kuma "phytoremediation", yin amfani da tsire-tsire don tsabtace toxins da wasu kayan haɗari daga ƙasa da ruwa.
Wasu itatuwan, alal misali, an sarrafa su ta hanyar gwaninta don cire ƙananan ƙarfe masu nauyi daga ƙasa gurɓata.
Amma wasu GMO ba su da halayyar yanayi ba: Tsarin jinsin za a iya haifar da kwayoyin halitta, kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da juriya ga maganin herbicides zasu iya tsira ko da a lokacin da tsire-tsire masu kusa - musamman, weeds - ana yaduwa da herbicide mai mutuwa.
Kamfanin na Monsanto, alal misali, ya ƙaddamar da tsire-tsire mai waken soya wanda ke da tsayayya ga ƙa'idodin da ake kira Herbicide Roundup na Monsanto. Wannan misali na masana'antu na noma ya sa manoma su yada gonar soya tare da Roundup, kashe dukkanin weeds da wasu tsire-tsire, kuma su bar gonar waken soya.
Ta yaya GMOs suke da lafiya?
Maganar aminci ta kewaye GMO tun lokacin da masu binciken kwayoyin suka fara gabatar da su a shekarun 1970s. Yayin da masu gabatar da kara sun sanar da yiwuwar GMO don magance cutar, inganta amfanin gona da kuma kare yanayin, masu sukar sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da '' Frankenfoods '' '' wanda za su iya yada daga gonakin gona a cikin sauran wurare, tare da yiwuwar catastrophic sakamakon binciken muhalli.
Daga cikin masu zarge-zarge masu tsanani shine ƙwarewar GMOs don tayar da hanzarin "superbugs" da kwayoyin halittu masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire wadanda suke buƙatar yin amfani da ƙwayoyi masu karfi da magungunan haɗari.
Har ila yau akwai wasu alamun cewa ana amfani da GMO da yawa don kara yawan ribar da ake amfani da ita ga abubuwan da ake amfani da shi a cikin kuɗi na ƙananan manoma waɗanda basu amfani da albarkatun GMO.
Amfani da GMO a Duniya
Saboda matsalolin tsaro da suka danganci GMO, kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta kafa tsarin mafi girma na duniya don ƙayyade amfani da GMO a ko'ina cikin Turai, kuma kawai ƙananan albarkatu na GMO suna tashe a can. Har ila yau Turai tana da cikakkun takardun lakabi, kuma duk samfurori na GMO akwai a nan dole ne a lakafta su kamar yadda suke ƙunshe da abun ciki na ainihi.
Sauran ƙasashe kamar Kanada, China da Australia suna da wasu ka'idoji game da amfani da lakabin GMOs. Sauran ƙasashe suna tasowa ka'idoji kamar yadda GMO ke ƙara amfani dashi.
Amma a Amurka, inda mafi yawan GMO ke ci gaba da girma, dokokin game da ci gaba, amfani da lakabi na GMOs sun lalace a mafi kyau.
Bisa ga jerin rahotanni a cikin New York Times , duka FDA da USDA - karkashin matsanancin matsanancin matsa lamba - "bazai buƙatar kowane daga cikin waɗannan samfurori, ko abincin da ke dauke da su ba, don a lakafta su kamar yadda aka tsara su, domin suna Kada ka so ka 'ba da shawara ko kuma nuna' cewa waɗannan abinci 'daban ne.' "
Tambayoyi na siyasa da kimiyya akan kwayoyin halitta bazai iya kawo ƙarshen wani lokaci ba, kuma masu bada shawara ga kare hakkin mutane da lafiyar muhalli za su ci gaba da yaki tare da gwanayen GMO kamar Monsanto, Archer Daniels Midland, Coca-Cola, DuPont, Janar Mills da kuma sauran kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa ga bincike-bincike da magunguna.