Wanene Buga?

Steller abu ne mai ban mamaki ga tsuntsaye, ba tare da rikicewa ba tare da tsinkaye - star-like, mai haske ko da ke shafi astronomy. Tsuntsaye da aka sani da suna "steller" sune sunaye ne don mai basirar da ba'a san shi ba yayin rayuwarsa, amma a yau an san shi game da binciken Arctic na fure da furotin na yankunan karkara.

Sunan : Georg Wilhelm Steller
Haihuwar : Maris 10, 1709, Ma'aikata, Jamus
Mutuwa : Nuwamba 14, 1746, Tyumen, Siberia, Rasha

Game da Georg Steller

Georg Steller wani dan asalin halitta na Jamus ne, masanin ilimin zoologist da dan jariran. Yayin da yake ba shi da karfi a duniya yayin da yake yaro, sai ya gano sha'awarsa yayin karatun a Jami'ar Wittenberg da Jami'ar Halle, a lokaci guda kuma yana karatun magani. A shekara ta 1734 sai ya shiga sojojin Rasha don ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya zama likita. Ya kuma yi aiki a jami'ar ilimin kimiyya na Imperial a St. Petersburg, inda shi abokin aiki ne na Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, masanin halitta da kuma masanin kimiyya wanda aka sani da aikinsa a kan tsibirin Siberiya. Steller ya gamsu da cikakken littafin jarida na Messerschmidt da kuma kulawa da cikakkun bayanai , kuma ya dace da waɗannan dabarun don yadda ya dace.

A 1737, Steller ya yi auren gwauruwa na Messerschmidt, Brigitta Messerschmidt, kodayake waɗannan biyu za su rabu da su kamar yadda aikin Steller ya kai shi sosai.

Steller ya shiga cikin balaguro da dama don bincika yankunan arewacin Rasha, sau da yawa yin tafiya tare da jirgin tare da karnuka.

Mafi mahimmanci na wannan tafiya shi ne tafiya ta 1741 a cikin St. Peter karkashin umurnin Captain Vitus Bering, wani tafiya wanda ya yi niyya don nemo wani sashi daga Rasha zuwa Arewacin Amirka. A watan Yulin 1741, jirgin ya sanya ƙasa a tsibirin Kayak, Alaska, yayin da ma'aikatan suka dauki ruwa da kuma kayan da aka samu, Steller ya ba da ladabi amma ya bada cikakken bayani kan sa'o'i 10.

A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta nau'in jinsunan da ba a san su ba. Daga cikin su akwai duhu, jinged jay wanda ya yi tasiri mai kama da sanannen blue jay na gabashin Arewacin Amirka. Wannan kamala ya jagoranci Steller ya gaskanta cewa sun sami nasarar samun hanyar zuwa Arewacin Amirka, kuma an kira tsuntsun bayan shi daga bisani. Wannan binciken ne na taƙaice Kayak Island ya sa Georg Steller daya daga cikin mutanen farko na Turai su gano Alaska.

Shirin da ya dawo ya zama mummunan rauni, kuma a wani lokaci jirgin ya kai dashi yayin da ma'aikatan suka sha wahala daga cutar da sauran cututtuka a cikin hunturu mai tsanani. Steller ya jagoranci jagoranci a wannan lokacin kuma ya yi amfani da ilimin likita ya taimaka wa ma'aikatan har sai lokacin da aka dawo da su ya sake gina jirgin ruwa kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya.

Bugu da ƙari, gawar da ya yi game da cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da yake lura da shi, Steller ya kasance mai tausayi kuma ya nuna kyakkyawan imani ga kiyayewa. Ya ƙi mummunan yanayi, kuma ya nuna rashin amincewa da azabtarwa da magunguna da sauran kwari har ma lokacin da dabbobi suke sata kayan aiki marasa amfani. Har ila yau, shi ma ya yi amfani da cin zarafi na kabilanci, don haka zanga-zangar adawa da shi ya sa gwamnatin Rasha ta yi watsi da shi kuma an kama shi a takaice.

Bayan da aka saki shi, yana tafiya yamma zuwa St. Petersburg lokacin da ya zama mummunar zazzaɓi. Ya mutu a Tyumen, Siberia, kuma a yau wani abin tunawa a cikin wani wurin shakatawa na gari ya nuna mutuwarsa.

Duk da yake Steller ya rubuta game da abubuwan da yake da shi kuma ya ajiye manyan mujallu da kuma bayanan, ba a buga aikinsa a rayuwarsa ba. Ya wallafe-wallafen ya kasance da amfani ga sauran masu bincike na yankin arewacin Pacific, duk da haka, ciki harda Captain James Cook, wanda ya kasance na uku na tafiya mai mahimmanci kuma yana nema a nemo wani tafkin teku a Arewacin Amirka.

Taimakawa ga Birding

Duk da yake Georg Steller ba mai sananne ba ne, aikinsa na halitta yana da tasirin gaske akan ilimin avifa.

• Da farko ya rubuta jayayyar Steller, ta hanyar amfani da irin abubuwan da suka shafi likitoci zuwa jinginar blue kamar yadda hujja ta kai ga Arewacin Amirka. Irin wannan fasinjoji ya kuma rubuta cewa yanzu an rufe gilashin daji ( Phalacrocorax perspicillatus ) da sauran tsuntsaye da dabbobi ba a taɓa lura ba.
  

• An wallafa labaran da ke cikin teku a shekarar 1751, wanda ya hada da yawancin jinsunan Arctic wanda ba'a rubuta su ba ko kuma an bincika su sosai. Daga cikin dabbobi da aka ba da labarin sune zakuna na teku, da masu tayar da ruwa da kuma gashi. Wadannan cikakkun bayanai da mujallu zasu ci gaba da tasiri wasu masu bincike na Arctic, ciki har da tsuntsaye.
  
• Ƙarfafa wata hanyar kulawa da hankali don nazari da girmama mutun daji, fauna da mazauna, ciki har da hanyoyin kiyaye muhalli da girmamawa ga mazauna gida.

Tsuntsaye da ake kira Bayan Georg Steller

Mafi girma mai girma da mai yiwuwa mutum zai iya samu shi ne a yi jinsin jinsunan da sunayensu. Georg Steller ba zai taba ganin kwarewa sosai a lokacin rayuwarsa ba, amma abin da ya samu ya kasance a cikin kyakkyawan tsuntsaye masu dauke da sunansa.

• Steller's Jay ( Cyanocitta stelleri )
• Adeller Eider ( Polysticta stelleri )
• Ƙarƙashin jirgin ruwa na Steller ( Haliaeetus pelagicus )

Abin baƙin ciki shine, duka masu tsinkayen Steller da Steller na tsuntsaye suna nau'in nau'i mai nauyin gaske tare da rage yawan mutane. Idan ba a dauki matakai masu ƙarfi don kare wadannan tsuntsaye ba, da yawa daga cikin marigayin Georg Steller zai rasa - kamar yadda macijin Steller ( Hydrodamalis gigas ) ya riga ya ƙare. Da sunansa na iya zama a cikin wasu tsire-tsire da dabbobi, duk da haka, kamar yadda wasu sunaye sun hada da zakiyar Steller ( Eumetopias jubatus ), hoary mugwort ( Artemisia stelleriana ) da gumboot chiton ( Cryptochiton stelleri ).

Hotuna - Jirgin Steller's Jay © Tim Lenz