Shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin gonar gida

Blueberries suna da kyau a cikin gidajen gida saboda suna iya girma a karamin wuri, har ma a cikin kwantena. A hakikanin gaskiya, sune ɗayan daga cikin mafi sauki berries suyi girma.

Akwai manyan nau'in blueberries guda uku: highbush, rabbiteye, da kuma kudancin highbush, kamar yadda aka bayyana a kasa. Kowace yana da fifiko mai yawa, don haka tabbatar da zaɓar madaidaicin sauti don yanayin gonar ku.

Blueberries su ne babban jinsunan flowering da fruiting shrubs da suke 'yan ƙasa zuwa Arewacin Amirka.

Abokan da ke cikin kwayar cutar Vaccinium sun hada da bilberry, cranberry, huckleberry, da lingonberry.

An gina blueberries ci gaba da bred don mafi girma da ake samu, zafi da sanyi haƙuri kuma mafi alhẽri pest juriya. Duk da haka, wasu mutane sun fi son blueberries da suke girma daji a cikin gandun daji da filayen. Yawan namun daji sunyi ƙananan kuma zai dauki ku a wani lokaci don karban ɗakun yawa don kullun, amma mutane da yawa sun sami su mafi kyaun ci. Watakila yana da sakamakon tsire-tsiren girma inda suke farin ciki.

• Fure-fure: Ƙananan, farar fata, furanni masu launin ƙuƙwalwa a rataye a cikin marigayi marigayi.
• Berries: Gwaran sun sassata tsawon lokaci, daga kore zuwa mai zurfi-blue.
• Bar: Gauran suna nuna tsinkaye, siffar fata da gwaji kuma kusan fata don taɓawa. Sun juya mai haske, ja a cikin fall.

Sunan Botan / Sunan Common

• Corymbosum na Vaccinium - Blueberry
• Albarkar Vaccinium - Rabbiteye Blueberry
• Vaccinium formosum - Southern Highbush Blueberry

Hardiness Zones

• Highbush - USDA Hardiness Zones 3 - 7
• Rabbiteye - USDA Hardiness Zones 7 - 9
• Southern Highbush - USDA Hardiness Zones 7 - 10

Sun bayyana

Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire suna bukatar cikakken rana ta yi girma da 'ya'yan itace, da kuma guje wa cututtuka na kowa.

Girma Tsarin Yaka

• Highbush: 8-10 ft. (H) x 6-8 ft. (W)
• Rabbiteye: 15 ft. (H) x 10 ft. (W)

• Southern Highbush: 3-6 ft. (H) x 4-5 ft. (W)

Kwanaki zuwa Girbi

Yawancin shuke-shuken za su fara haifar da karamin girbi ta shekara ta uku, amma ba za su fara farawa har sai kusan shekara ta 6 ba. Balagagge blueberry bushes samar da game da 8 quarts na berries da daji.

Zai yiwu a kara girbin bishiranka ta hanyar dasa shuki da wuri, tsakiyar- da iri iri iri, maimakon kowane iri iri.

Hanyar da za a iya gane idan blueberries suna shirye su karɓa shine dandana ɗaya ko biyu. Blueberries su ne mafi kyaun idan an yarda su zauna a kan shuka akalla mako daya bayan juya blue.

Tips masu tasowa na Blueberry

Ƙasa: Blueberries kamar ƙasa mai sinadarai, tare da pH ƙasa cikin fushin 4.0 zuwa 4.5. Suna kuma son ƙasa mai arziki a kwayoyin halitta . Idan lambunka yana da ƙasa mai laushi , blueberries zai fi kyau a cikin gadaje mai gada.

Don samun ƙasa mai kyau na pH don girma blueberries, yana da mafi kyau don gyara ƙasa da kakar kafin ka yi nufin shuka. Gidan sulfur ko aluminum sulfur za a iya hade shi zuwa cikin kaso 6 inci na ƙasa, don rage yawan pH kamar yadda ake bukata. Idan an gwada ƙasa a cikin lambun lambu ko ofishin tsawo naka, za su iya gaya muku yadda sulfur za ku buƙaci.

Yana da kyau a yi watsi da ƙasa kafin a dasa shuki, don tabbatar da cewa kun sami sakamakon da kuka kasance bayan.

Ci gaba da gyara da tweaking ƙasa kamar yadda ya cancanta. Abin takaici, wannan zai zama aiki mai gudana, tun lokacin da kasar gona ta daina komawa zuwa asali na pH.

Dasa: Ku nemo tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu shekaru 2-3. Tsufan da suka tsufa suna fama da damuwa da yawa kuma zasu ci gaba da daukar 'yan shekaru don fara samar da girbi mai yawa.

Shuka blueberries a farkon spring. Zaka iya haɗuwa da jaka mai kwakwalwa a cikin rami mai zurfi, don kiyaye ƙasa mai laushi, acidic da kuma daɗawa.

Idan kana da tsire-tsire biyu kawai ko uku, sanya su a kusa da rabi hudu. Don dasa layuka na blueberries, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a kusa da ƙafafun ƙafa 4-5 a cikin layuka waɗanda suke da rabi 9-10.

Shuka blueberries domin tushen su yada cikin rami kuma an rufe su cikin ƙasa. Idan sun kasance tsire-tsire masu girma, sun shuka kusan 1 inch fiye da yadda suke cikin tukunya.

Mulch bayan dasa. Gumakan itace, kamar pine ko cedar, sawdust, da needles na needle zai taimaka wajen kiyaye acid.

Ruwa da kyau kuma tabbatar da tsire-tsire suna samun zurfin ruwa a kalla sau ɗaya a mako. Blueberries sukan kasance da tushe mai zurfi kuma suna buƙatar aƙalla kamar inci na ruwa a kowane mako, mafi yawan lokuta a lokacin bushe.

Da takin mai magani Kada ku yi takin shayar da blueberries a shekara ta farko. Tushen suna kula da gishiri har sai an kafa tsire-tsire. Ammonium sulfate ana amfani dashi a matsayin taki don blueberries, kamar yadda tsayayya da aluminum sulfur amfani da su rage da PH. Amma zaka iya yin amfani da wani taki don shuke-shuke masu ƙarancin acid, ciki har da abinci na blueberry da azalea abinci.

Dabaran Ƙididdigar Blueberry don Shuka

Masu shayarwa a gonaki suna ci gaba da inganta yanayin tsirrai da cututtukan cututtukan itatuwa, saboda haka yana da wuyar bayar da shawarar iri ba tare da sabunta su ba a kowace kakar. Dabbobi da aka ambata a nan su ne tsofaffin masoya. Bincika tare da ofishin Jakadancin ka na gida don shawarwarin da ke yanzu na yankinka.

Lura: Ko da yake blueberries suna da kyau, za ku sami girma berries kuma mafi yawan su idan kana da daban-daban cultivars daban-daban, cewa Bloom a lokaci guda, zuwa cross-pollinate.

1. Highbush (ko Northern Highbush) : Yawancin lokaci an shawarce su don saurin yanayi. Za a yi amfani da gurbataccen mutum, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa da girmansa suna inganta sosai tare da gurɓataccen giciye.
   
   • Early: "Earliblue", "Collins"; Tsakanin: "Blueray", "Bluecrop", "Berkeley"; Late: '"Jersery",' Patriot '
2. Rabbiteye : 'Yan ƙasar zuwa kudancin Amurka Ba masu zaman kansu ba ne. Yana buƙatar 2 iri don pollination. Ya shimfiɗa girbin zuwa watan Agusta. Kusan kyauta kyauta.
   
   • 'Tifblue' daidai ne. Farawa: "Maƙalli", "Woodard"; Tsakanin: "Briteblue", "Southland"; Late: "Madafi" '
3. Southern Highbush : Giciye tsakanin Highbush da Rabbit. Kamar yadda Highbush, wadannan za su gurfanar da kansu, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa da girman su suna inganta sosai tare da gurɓin giciye.
   
   • Early: "Ɗaya daga cikin", 'Southblue'; Mid: "Jubliee", "Sunshine Blue"
4. Dwarf iri ga Kwantena :
   
   • Tsakanin: "Dwarf Northblue" (20-24 inci); Late: "Dwarf Tophat" (18 - 20 inci, Babu pollinator Da ake bukata); jerin jerin Bushel da Berry ™, ciki har da "Jelly Bean" 'da kuma "Icing Iki"

Kula da tsire-tsirenku

Pruning: Kamar yadda dukkan berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa, blueberries zai ci gaba da samar da mafi kyaun idan sun kasance goyon baya pruned.

Shekaru 2 na farko, duk abin da kuke buƙatar gaske shine ya cire duk furanni wanda ya bayyana. Wannan yana da wuya a yi, amma zai biya manyan kudade a cikin dogon lokaci. Tsire-tsire za su kara girma kuma su fi karfi saboda wannan. An dasa bishiyoyi a kan rassan a cikin shekaru biyu na girma, don haka yana da muhimmanci a sake sabunta bishiyoyin blueberry.

Zaka iya barin furanni akan shekara ta uku. Ba za ka sami yawancin berries ba , amma ba'a yanke shi ba har sai shekara ta 4.

Da farko a cikin shekara ta 4, za ku datsa bishiyoyin blueberry a farkon lokacin bazara, yayin da suke cikin dormant. Koma kowane abu:

• Matattu ko suka ji rauni rassan
• Ƙungiyoyin haɗi
• Rashin rassan rassan rassan

Abin da kuke so a cim ma ta hanyar pruning, shine ya bude daji domin haske zai iya kai berries a tsakiyar daji. Ba buƙatar ku zama mawuyaci.

Tsararren gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin shekaru masu zuwa zai zama da saurin fitar da tsoffin rassan don ƙarfafa sabon ci gaba. Yanke tsofaffi, rassan rassan zuwa kusa da kasa kuma rassan rassan da suka samo tsawo ko kuma suna girma sosai. Tsohon tsofaffin za su yi launin toka. Sabbin rassan zasu sami karin tinge.

Berries ya kasance a kan bishiyoyi na rassan gefen. Furen furen za su zama mafi girma, da kumbura da kuma raguwa fiye da bishiyoyi da aka nuna.

Kwaro da cututtuka na Blueberries

Tsuntsaye: Yawancin babbar matsala mafi girma shine blueberries ke ajiye tsuntsaye. Tare da kawai 'yan bushes, zaka iya amfani da tsuntsaye kamar yadda berries fara ripen. Wasu lambu sun kulla dukkanin yankunan da suke da tsalle-tsalle a cikin tsaka-tsalle. Idan kana da babban lambun blueberry, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da yin amfani da tsinkayen tsuntsaye wanda ya aika tsuntsu a cikin kira mai wahala.

A hakika tana kiyaye tsuntsaye daga yankin.

Insects: Ciwon daji ya kasance a kan ido domin sun hada da: tipred tip bore, ceri fruitworm, cranberry 'ya'yan itace tsutsotsi da plum curculio. Idan waɗannan sunadaran kwari ne a yankinka, duba tare da ƙimar gida don takaddama da maganin da aka tsara.

Cututtuka: Akwai wasu cututtukan fungal da zasu iya shafar blueberries, ciki har da powdery mildew da cututtukan cututtuka. Mafi kyawun tsaro shine shuka shuke-shuke masu tsayayya. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa wajen ba da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire don wurare masu kyau, tsire-tsire a cikin rana mai tsanani , tsaftace duk wani fashewar da aka kwashe kuma maye gurbin ciyawa a kowace shekara, saboda haka baza'a iya yin sanyi ba a yankin. Idan ya kamata ka fuskanci matsalolin, zaka iya buƙatar yin amfani da fungicide da aka lakafta don amfani akan tsire-tsire masu edible.

Wasu wasu cututtuka masu launi daban-daban domin kiyaye ido don:

• Anthracnose: Cutar cutar da ta yadu cikin sauri. Kwayoyin cututtuka sune tsumburai mai ruwan hoda na spores a kan masu tasowa masu tasowa.
• Botrytis: Wani naman gwari wanda ya bunƙasa cikin yanayin damp, botrytis zai sa 'ya'yan itace su rabu da su.
• Canker: Fusicoccom (Godronia): Wannan cututtuka yana farawa a ƙananan sassa na gwangwani. Za ku lura da ƙananan ƙananan launi waɗanda za su kara girma a cikin idanu. Idan an bar shi ba tare da an hana shi ba, za su yi iyakancewa kuma su ɗaure igiya, su sa shi ya koma baya.

• Mummy Berry: Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi tsanani su shafi blueberries. Kwayar zuma ta haifar da naman gwari. Alamun farko na infestation suna baƙar fata na gungun fure, wanda ya mutu a ƙarshe. Saboda yana da naman gwari, dabbar za ta iya jurewa kuma ta harba sauran furanni. Sakamakon 'ya'yan itace ya juya da wuya, yana kama da mummified berries.
• Twig Blights. (Phomopsis): Gilashin Twig zai fara farawa yana kama sosai da canker. Yayinda tsire-tsirer ke ci gaba, zai iya rinjayar kambi, ƙananan rassan da ƙwayoyi da kuma lalacewa.

Matsaloli masu gina jiki:

Chlorosis (Yellowing Leaves): Ba abu ba ne wanda ba a sani ba ga ganye na blueberry don fara rawaya ko duba chlorotic. Ko da yake wannan shi ne alamar ƙarfin ƙarfe , bazai haifar da rashin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa ba. Wataƙila yana gaya maka cewa pH na ƙasa da tsayi kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba za su iya isa ga baƙin ƙarfe da yake riga ba.

Idan ka ga rawaya yana cigaba, samun ƙasa ta pH gwada da kuma yin gyare-gyare.