Hanyoyin OSHA na Dandalin Silica

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Abin da tsarin Silica na OSHA ya ke nufi ga ayyukan gyare-gyaren gida

OSHA (Tsare-tsaren Jiki da Kula da Lafiya) ya sanar da sabuwar dokar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta wurin yin amfani da kyamar silica mai yaduwa. An kira shi §1926.1153 Tsarukan silica na crystalline mai rikicewa kuma yana cikin ranar 23 ga Yuni, 2017.

Sabuwar doka ta ƙara ƙaddamar da ƙwallon PEL ko Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙƙwarar Ƙwararren OSHA ta ma'aikatan da aka yada ga ƙurar silica. (PEL ita ce tsarin OSHA don auna yawan ƙurar ƙurar da ma'aikaci zai iya ɗauka a cikin awa takwas).

An samu ci gaba da yin amfani da ƙwayar silica na silstalline don haifar da fibrosis mai suna silicosis. A cikin shekarun 1930, Ma'aikatar Labarun {asar Amirka ta gano cewa, wannan hadarin. A cewar OSHA a yau:

Ma'aikata waɗanda suke ƙin ƙananan nau'in silica sune ƙananan haɗari na ƙaddamar da cututtukan da suka shafi silica masu tsanani. Wadannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin (wanda aka sani da "ruɓaɓɓuka" sunadarai) zasu iya shiga zurfin cikin ƙwayoyin ma'aikata kuma su haifar da silicosis, cutar marasa lafiya da kuma wani lokacin cututtuka. Hanyoyin silica na crystalline yana sanya ma'aikatan da ke tattare da hadarin cutar ciwon huhu, wasu cututtuka na numfashi masu haɗari kamar cututtuka na nakasa (COPD), da cutar koda.

Lokacin da aka kafa OSHA a shekara ta 1971, an saita ma'auni na 100 μg / m3 (100 micrograms kowace mita mai siffar mita). OSHA yanzu yana jin cewa daidaitattun maɗaukaki ne kuma an dade yana ba da ƙarin ma'aikatan da ake yadawa a ginin silica a cikin sintin fiber ciment, dutsen dutse saman da kayan kirki na dutse na dutse don cin abinci da kuma marasa amfani na gidan wanka . A sakamakon haka ne aka tura shi don ya kafa sabuwar sabuwar doka.

Sabuwar mulki ta yadda ya kamata a cire ƙananan haɓakarwa zuwa ƙurar silica cikin rabi. Dokar da ta ba da izinin PEL na 100 μg / m3 a tsawon lokaci 8 na raguwa yana rage zuwa 50 μg / m3. Abin farin cikin yarda shi ne mafi sauki fiye da sauran ka'idodin gwamnati da suka shafi ginin kamar yadda tsarin Yarjejeniyar gyare-gyaren EPA, Repair and Painting (RRP) ta EPA.

Sabuwar dokar tana ba da damar zaɓin labarun ciki da waje don silica amma yana buƙatar waɗannan masu kwangila / ma'aikata bisa ga OSHA.

• Yi amfani da ruwa ko iska (sarrafa injiniyoyin) don rage iyakar ma'aikata ga ƙurar iska da PEL;
• Samar da motsin rai lokacin da sarrafawar injiniya ba zai iya iyakancewa ta dace ba;
• Mai ƙayyadadden ma'aikaci ga wuraren da ya fi dacewa;
• Samar da tsarin tsare-tsare da aka rubuta da rubutu, bayar da gwajin likita ga ma'aikata da ma'aikata a fannin kwarewar silica da kuma yadda za'a rage iyakoki.

Dokar OSHA tana ƙoƙarin rage ƙananan silica ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin ƙwayar turɓaya waɗanda suka riga sun yi amfani da shi a daidai. Alal misali, yin watsi da aikin aiki kamar yin amfani da suturar takalma don ci gaba da ƙurar silikar silica daga cikin samun iska, ta rufe aikin aiki ("rabuwar cirewa"), ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da tsarin tsabtaccen tsarin don tattara ƙurar silica a batun halittar kafin a iya kwashe shi.

Wata hanya ta kare mai aiki daga gurɓataccen jirgin ruwa shine yin amfani da respirator. Mai haɓaka yana da takardar APF cewa takardun ƙididdiga mafi yawa na kariya ta filtration yana ba mai amfani lokacin da ya dace da kuma amfani.
Kwatanta farashin 3M APF-10 Respirator

Ga abin da kamfanin OSHA ya buƙaci a yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin gina gida ko aikin gyaran. Wadannan suna taƙaita ayyukan da suka fi dacewa da gyaran gida da dokokin OSHA don biyan kuɗi.

TASK A: Amfani da Saws

Hanyar Dust Control Method:

1. Yi amfani da kwarewa tare da tsarin samar da ruwa wanda ke ci gaba da ciyar da ruwa zuwa ruwa.
2. Yi aiki da kula da kayan aiki daidai da umarnin mai amfani don rage ƙwayar kura.

Kariya na Kwayar Hoto da Mafi Mahimman Bayanin Yankakke (APF):

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: Babu
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: Babu

TASK B: Wuraren haɗi na hannu (kowane diamita mai auna)

Hanyar Dust Control Method:

1. Yi amfani da kwarewa tare da tsarin samar da ruwa wanda ke ci gaba da ciyar da ruwa zuwa ruwa.
2. Yi aiki da kula da kayan aiki daidai da umarnin mai amfani don rage ƙwayar kura.

Kariya na Kwayar Hoto da Mafi Mahimman Bayanin Yankakke (APF):

Lokacin amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: Babu
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: APF 10

Lokacin da ake amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: APF 10
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: APF 10

TASK C: Gwanon wutar lantarki na shinge na katako (tare da diamita mai kimanin 8 inci ko žasa)

Hanyar Dust Control Method:

Don ayyukan da aka yi a waje kawai:

1. Yi amfani da kwarewar da aka samo asali na samfuran ƙura.
2. Yi aiki da kula da kayan aiki daidai da umarnin mai amfani don rage ƙwayar kura.
3. Mai tarawar ƙoshin wuta dole ne samar da iskar da iska ta bada shawara ta hanyar mai kayan aiki, ko mafi girma, kuma yana da tace tare da 99% ko mafi inganci.

Kariya na Kwayar Hoto da Mafi Mahimman Bayanin Yankakke (APF):

Lokacin amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: Babu
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: Babu
   

TASK D: Gwanayen wutar lantarki da aka tsayar da su (wanda ya hada da tasiri da hawan gwanon juyawa)

Hanyar Dust Control Method:

1. Yi amfani da raƙuman haɗin gwaninta tare da samfuran kasuwancin da aka samo shroud ko lalata da tsarin tarin kura.
2. Yi aiki da kula da kayan aiki daidai da umarnin mai amfani don rage ƙwayar kura.
3. Mai tara ƙoshin wuta dole ne samar da iska mai ba da shawara ta hanyar mai kayan aiki, ko mafi girma, kuma yana da tace tare da 99% ko mafi inganci da kuma tsaftacewa ta tsaftacewa.
4. Yi amfani da tsaftaceccen tsabta ta HEPA lokacin tsaftacewa

Kariya na Kwayar Hoto da Mafi Mahimman Bayanin Yankakke (APF):

Lokacin amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: Babu
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: Babu

TASK E: Saws na baya (saw yanke shinge / hanyoyi)

Hanyar Dust Control Method:

1. Yi amfani da kwarewa tare da tsarin samar da ruwa wanda ke ci gaba da ciyar da ruwa zuwa ruwa.
2. Yi aiki da kulawa kayan aiki daidai da umarnin mai amfani don rage ƙwayar kura.

Kariya na Kwayar Hoto da Mafi Mahimman Bayanin Yankakke (APF):

Lokacin amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: Babu
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: Babu

Lokacin da ake amfani dashi:

1. ≤ 4 hours / matsa: APF 10
2. > 4 hours / motsawa: APF 10

02 na 02

Yin amfani da mai sa maye don kare daga tsutsa

Dokar OSHA ta lalata turɓaya ta buƙatar takardar APF na 10 don gina a wasu aikace-aikace. Wadannan kariya masu kariya suna fuskantar matsakaici zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin turɓaya, man fetur ko maɓuɓɓuga ruwa daga yankan filastar, ciminti ko ciminti ko kuma daga itace sanding. Abinda ya ragu a APF 10 ba abu ne mai girma ba kuma za'a iya cika ta ta yin amfani da kwararre na kwararru na musamman (yana dauke da madauri mai launi na BLUE). Irin waɗannan filters an yi ta 3M kamar 8810 (wanda ba a taɓa gani ba) ko 8822 (baƙi) fuska mask.

Kwatanta farashin 3M APF-10 Respirator