Abin da yake da kuma misalai na sakamakon
Yin amfani da juna shine tsarin haɗuwa tsakanin mutane daga jinsuna daban-daban (samfurin interspecific hybridization) ko mutane masu bambancin halitta daga jinsin guda (intraspecific hybridization). Yaran da aka samo ta samfurori na iya zama m, sashi mai kyau, ko bakararre.
Tsire-tsire suna jin yawaitawa da yawa fiye da yadda dabbobi suke. Pollen daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna warwatsa ko'ina kuma suna iya sauka a kan furanni na wasu nau'in.
Kwayoyin shuka ba su da tsakaitawa sosai fiye da siffofin dabba, don haka tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsire na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ya fi dacewa ya zama nasara.
Josef Kölrueter
Ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka fara nazarin magungunan shuka shi ne Josef Kölrueter, wanda ya wallafa sakamakon bincikensa a kan taba a 1760. Kölrueter ya tabbatar da cewa samfurin kirkirar da ke tattare da shi ba shi da wata rare sai dai idan mutum ya damu da mazaunin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an samo hanyoyi da yawa na samuwa tsakanin wasu nau'in shuka.
Sau da yawa ingancin interspecific su ne bakararre ko don wasu dalilai ba za su iya shiga tsakani tare da nau'in iyaye ba. Lokaci-lokaci na masu tsaka-tsakin dakararre na asibiti zasu iya shawo kan ƙwayar chromosome kuma su zama magungunan tayi (jinsunan chromosomes hudu). Alal misali, gurasar burodi da mutane ke amfani a yau shine sakamakon matasan biyu wanda kowanne ya biyo baya don haifar da hexaploids mai kyau (kashi shida na chromosomes).
A irin waɗannan lokuta matasan zasu iya zama sababbin jinsunan da halaye daban-daban daga iyayensu.
Misalan Interspecific in Animals
Hybrids da ke janyo nau'in jinsin iri iri iri daya ana kiran su matasan (inganci) wanda ake kira intra - generic). Misalai na yau da kullum sun hada da Mule (jima'i na jaki jikan mata), Hinny (jaki maza na doki), Liger (zaki namiji x tiger).
Ka lura da cewa a cikin alfadari da hinnies, nau'in al'ada da iyaye suke ciki shine Equus da Liger, Panthera. Sauran misalai ne kallon zebra / jigon da ke haifar da 'ya'yan da ake kira zonkey, zauren zakoki / doki da ke haifar da zorse, da kuma zangon zebra / jaki wanda ya haifar da zonky. Hannun daga wannan gicciye zasu iya zama babba amma mai yiwuwa ba su ci gaba da ba da izinin aiki ba. Ana iya danganta rashin daidaituwa ga yawan adadin chromosomes da nau'i biyu suna, misali, jaka suna da kwakwalwa guda 62, dawakai suna da 64 chromosomes, da dai sauransu.
Misalan Interspecific in Tsire-tsire
Kyakkyawan interspecific matasan shine gicciye tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin jinsuna daban daban. Yawancin lokuta za su kasance daga nau'i daya, amma ba koyaushe ba. Ginin shuka yana iya ko bazai zama bakararre.
Hanyoyin amfanin gona suna karuwa sosai a yayin da ake amfani da matakan amfani da ɗayan iyaye ko fiye da iyayensu a cikin girma da kuma yiwuwar haifuwa. Alal misali, an samar da boysenberries (Rubus ursinus x idaeus) a filin Knott's Berry a California. Su ne sakamakon wani sa na crosses tsakanin blackberries (Rubus fruticosus), Turai raspberries (Rubus idaeus) da loganberries (Rubus × loganobaccu s ).
Abin sha'awa shine, matakan da ke tattare tsakanin wata dabba da wasu jinsunan shuka, ko wasu nau'i guda biyu masu rikici, wasu lokuta sukan haifar da sababbin nau'o'in jinsi na jima'i.